- Ausbau of African varieties of Portuguese: factors explaining the increasing numbers of L1/L2 speakers in Angola, Mozambique, and S. Tomé and Príncipe; Portuguese in a linguistically diverse ecology.

- Language contact: definition, consequences (shift, maintenance, new languages)

- Example of lexical borrowing

Reading: Winford (2003)

Exercise on language contact (on the page in the "readings" section)