The etimology of the word and the transiyion from a literal rural-associatec term to a spiritual and intelectual metaphor to the denotative sense of culture.

Culture from the individualps perspective - Matthew Arnold's approach in his essay, Culture and Anarchy, 1869 : the notion of perfection. T.S. Eliot's Notes towards the Definition of  Culture, 1948: the three dimensions - individual, group, society; culture as a "way of living".

The emergence of cultural studies: Raymond Williams and the Birmingham Circle. The contribution of sociology: "culyure as a whole way of living".