12 Novembro 2024, 15:30
•
Amândio Reis
1. O ensaio "Porquê Olhar os Animais" (1977) no contexto da obra de John Berger enquanto crítico cultural.
2. Início da leitura e da análise de passagens seleccionadas de "Porquê Olhar os Animais", começando pelo "uso universal dos signos animais para [o humano] mapear a experiência do mundo" (p. 29).
2.1. A presença do outro-animal nas culturas ancestrais, na mitologia, e, particularmente, na literatura, tendo em conta os exemplos da Ilíada, de Homero, apresentados por John Berger.
2.2. O problema persistente da linguagem e da comunicação (pp. 30-31), interrogado, também, a partir da leitura da crónica "Um Diálogo", de Clarice Lispector, do volume A Descoberta do Mundo.
12 Novembro 2024, 11:00
•
Mário Vítor Bastos
Delivery and correction of tests.
In the second part of the class, the importance of addressing culture from three distinct methodological perspectives was highlighted: as a universal, particular, and individual reality. This triple focus allows for a more comprehensive and complex understanding of culture, recognizing its diversity and multifaceted nature.
Development of the Triple Methodological Approach to Culture
Universal Culture:
Focus on culture as a global phenomenon, shared by all of humanity. The cultural elements common to all societies, such as language, art, religion, and social norms, were discussed.
Particular Culture:
Analysis of the specific cultures of particular groups or societies. It was explored how different societies develop their own distinct traditions, practices, and cultural values.
Individual Culture:
Investigation of the role of culture in the formation of individual identity. The importance of culture in the construction and expression of personal identity was emphasized.
Dialectical and Dialogical Relationships between Culture and Nature
It was emphasized that the relationships between culture and nature, as well as between culture and the arts, are dialectical and dialogical in nature. This implies a constant dialogue and interaction, where one element influences and is influenced by the other.
Concepts of Mimesis, Imitation, and Representation
At the end of the class, the concepts of mimesis, imitation, and representation were discussed in their articulation with cultural practice.
Mimesis: The imitation of reality in art and culture. The Aristotelian view of man as an imitative being was commented on, highlighting the importance of mimesis in cultural creation and interpretation.
Imitation and Representation: How culture imitates and represents reality.
Introduction to the Concept of Nature in the Classics, Enlightenment and Romantics
A brief discussion was introduced on the tradition of the concept of nature in different historical periods and philosophical currents.