Sumários
Introdução ao modelo teórico de Pierre Bourdieu
23 Setembro 2024, 12:30 • Vanda Maria Coutinho Garrido Anastácio
Class 2
20 Setembro 2024, 11:00 • Mário Vítor Bastos
Lecture 2 delves into the complexity and ambiguity of culture, emphasizing its multifaceted nature across history, language, art, and society.
Summary:
1. Ambiguity of Culture
The lecture started by discussing the seven types of ambiguity, particularly how culture is complex, with multiple meanings that often overlap. Culture can be both material and immaterial, depending on the context in which it is used.
2. Cultural Examples
The Renaissance was used as a key example, demonstrating how culture manifests in both art and society, influencing modern European culture. The idea of civilization as an aggregation of multiple cultures is also explored, referencing Roman and Greek civilizations as cases where different cultures blend.
3. Material vs. Immaterial Culture
The lecturer contrasted material culture (e.g., biological experiments like cultivating viruses in a petri dish) with immaterial aspects such as knowledge, emphasizing that culture includes both tangible and intangible elements.
4. Etymology of the word Culture
The term "culture" is traced back to its Latin origins (v. colere), where it initially referred to tilling the land. Over time, this evolved to encompass broader concepts like religious practice (cults) and eventually human endeavors in arts and thought.
5. Culture as Innovation and Tradition
: A significant point in the lecture was the discussion of the balance between innovation and tradition within cultural institutions, such as schools or businesses. Both innovation and historical practices contribute to creating culture in the present. The lecturer encouraged students to balance reflection on tradition and innovation within the study and making of culture.
6. Culture and Silence
One of the more "poetical elements" discussed was the paradox of the "culture of silence," which "speaks volumes." This idea underlines the importance of silence in communication, much like in music where pauses are as important as notes.
7.
Universal and Relative Culture: The lecturer stressed the distinction between universal aspects of culture (e.g., religiosity, which transcends specific religious practices) and particular cultural elements that are more relative or localized.
8.
Culture as Language and Writing: There is a strong emphasis on the relationship between culture and language, with the argument that there is no culture without language or writing. This connection is further explored through the idea that revolutions, both cultural and political, are facilitated by language.
9. Myth and Oral Tradition:
The role of myths and oral tradition in early cultures is highlighted, demonstrating how stories and narratives are passed down through generations without the need for writing.
10. Art and Rhythm
The origins of art, particularly poetry and dance, are discussed, suggesting that both are deeply rooted in rhythm, which stems from the natural movements of the human body.
The lecture was concluded with lighthearted remarks about the weekend, along with a brief recap of the main topics covered.
Visit the course site at https://mariovitor-culturas.hcommons.org/
Empson, William, Seven Types of Ambiguity
Aula 2
20 Setembro 2024, 08:00 • Mário Vítor Bastos
A aula abordou o estudo das culturas, abrangendo tópicos como o desenvolvimento da cultura a partir de práticas inconscientes até às práticas reflexivas conscientes, tornadas em teoria, o papel da linguagem e da escrita na cultura, a relação entre cultura e civilização, e o significado de mitos e narrativas na transmissão cultural. Também explorou os conceitos de culturas orais e escritas, e representações míticas de figuras históricas e trocas culturais.
Estudos da(s) cultura(s) — 2
19 Setembro 2024, 15:30 • Amândio Reis
1. Proposta de definição sintética do termo cultura, a partir das definições antes abordadas e da discussão em aula: "Um conjunto de práticas e saberes, transmitidos por ensino e aprendizagem, entre os membros de um grupo — distinguindo-os dos membros de outro(s) grupo(s)".
2. "Natureculture" (International Encyclopedia of Primatology): facetas de um contra-conceito; o ponto de vista (disciplinar) enquanto dado determinante nas várias concepções da noção de "cultura"; vantagens e desafios de uma visão sincrética, desafiadora das dicotomias tradicionais: humano/animal, cultural/natural.
3. O caso da população de macaca fascicularis do Bali como exemplo de interacção social, comportamento aprendido (não instintivo) e práticas de comensalidade e convivência co-construídas entre humanos e outros animais; visionamento do vídeo documental: "The Bartering Monkeys of Bali | Planet Earth III | BBC Earth".
Cultura e Civilização
19 Setembro 2024, 12:30 • Vanda Maria Coutinho Garrido Anastácio
Cultura e Civilização.
Lucien Febvre e Norbert Elias
Breve apresentação da proposta de Pierre Bourdieu